Dental Crowns (Caps) are protective coverings placed over a damaged or weakened tooth to restore its shape, size, strength, and appearance. Crowns are sometimes referred to as “caps” because they fit over the entire tooth, much like a cap fits over a bottle. They are commonly used to protect and reinforce teeth that are broken, severely worn down, or have undergone extensive dental work, such as root canals.
Types of Dental Crowns:
Metal Crowns:
These crowns are made from materials like gold, silver, or other metal alloys. They are durable and long-lasting, making them ideal for back teeth that endure heavy chewing pressure. However, they are noticeable due to their metallic color, which is why they’re typically used for teeth at the back of the mouth.Porcelain-Fused-to-Metal Crowns (PFM):
These crowns have a metal base covered with a layer of porcelain. They combine the strength of metal with the aesthetic appeal of porcelain, making them a popular choice for both front and back teeth. The porcelain layer can be matched to the color of natural teeth, making them look more natural than metal-only crowns.All-Porcelain or All-Ceramic Crowns:
These crowns are made entirely from porcelain or ceramic materials. They offer excellent aesthetics, as they can be closely matched to the color of your natural teeth. All-porcelain crowns are ideal for front teeth, where appearance is especially important. However, they may not be as durable as metal crowns for back teeth that experience heavy biting force.Zirconia Crowns:
Made from zirconium oxide, a strong, durable material, zirconia crowns are a popular choice because they combine the strength of metal with the natural appearance of porcelain. They are often used for both front and back teeth and are resistant to wear and fracture.Resin Crowns:
These crowns are made from composite resins and are typically used as temporary solutions. They are more affordable but less durable than other materials and can wear down more quickly.
How Dental Crowns Work:
Initial Consultation:
During the first visit, the dentist will examine your tooth and determine whether a crown is needed. They may take X-rays to assess the tooth’s root and surrounding bone health. If the tooth is severely decayed or weakened, a crown may be the best option to restore its functionality.Tooth Preparation:
The tooth that will receive the crown is reshaped to ensure a proper fit. This often involves removing some of the tooth’s structure to accommodate the thickness of the crown. For teeth that are severely damaged, a filling material may be used to build up the tooth before placing the crown.Impressions:
After reshaping the tooth, the dentist will take an impression (mold) of the tooth and the surrounding teeth to create a custom crown that fits perfectly. This impression is sent to a dental lab, where the crown is fabricated. While the permanent crown is being made, a temporary crown may be placed to protect the tooth.Fitting and Cementing the Crown:
Once the permanent crown is ready, the dentist will check its fit and appearance. Adjustments may be made to ensure it fits comfortably and aligns with your bite. Once everything is in place, the crown is cemented onto the tooth, completing the restoration.
Benefits of Dental Crowns:
- Restores Tooth Function: Crowns provide strength and protection to damaged or weakened teeth, allowing you to chew and speak normally.
- Aesthetic Improvement: Crowns can enhance the appearance of a tooth, particularly when made from porcelain or ceramic materials, helping you achieve a natural-looking smile.
- Durability: Crowns are designed to last for many years, with metal crowns often lasting the longest due to their strength.
- Protection: Crowns protect fragile teeth from further damage or decay, especially after a root canal or a large filling.
- Versatility: Crowns can be used for various purposes, including covering large cavities, repairing broken or cracked teeth, or as part of a dental bridge.
Drawbacks of Dental Crowns:
- Tooth Preparation: Some tooth structure must be removed during the process to ensure the crown fits properly, which may weaken the tooth.
- Cost: Dental crowns can be expensive, especially those made from high-quality materials like porcelain or zirconia.
- Potential Sensitivity: After the crown is placed, some patients may experience temporary sensitivity to hot or cold temperatures, but this usually resolves over time.
- Not Permanent: While crowns are durable, they are not permanent and may eventually need to be replaced due to wear and tear.
Care for Dental Crowns:
- Good Oral Hygiene: Brush your teeth twice a day and floss daily to maintain the health of both your crown and the surrounding teeth and gums.
- Avoid Hard Foods: Avoid chewing on hard objects, such as ice or hard candies, which could damage the crown.
- Regular Dental Checkups: Regular visits to the dentist will help ensure that the crown remains in good condition and that any underlying issues are addressed promptly.
Who is a Candidate for a Dental Crown?
Dental crowns are typically recommended for individuals who have:
- Severely decayed or broken teeth.
- Teeth that have undergone root canal treatment.
- Large fillings that are prone to cracking or breaking.
- Teeth that need to be restored for aesthetic reasons, especially for front teeth.
Overall, dental crowns (caps) are an excellent solution for restoring damaged teeth, protecting fragile teeth, and improving the appearance of your smile. Your dentist will help you determine the best type of crown based on your needs and preferences.